LAYOUT VOCABULARY RESEARCH

We was assigned to make a blog entry that demonstrates the understand the following:


POINT

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A point is a unit of measurement that is the standard for measuring type and is used for measuring depth of printing. One point is equal to .013836 of an inch and 72 points are approximately 1 inch.

PICA

A pica is a typesetting unit of measurement commonly used for measuring lines of type. One pica equals 12 points. There are 6 picas to an inch. -Source

PIXEL

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Short for Picture Element, a pixel is a single point in a graphic image. Graphics monitors display pictures by dividing the display screen into thousands (or millions) of pixels, arranged in rows and columns. The pixels are so close together that they appear connected. -Source

A pixel does not need to be rendered as a small square.This image shows 

alternative ways of reconstructing an image from a set of pixel values, 

using dots, lines, or smooth filtering.

Each pixel can only be one colour at a time. However, since they are so small, pixels often blend together to form various shades and blends of colours  The number of colours each pixel can be is determined by the number of bits used to represent it. 
For example, 8-bit colour allows for 2 to the 8th, or 256 colours to be displayed. 
At this colour depth, you may be able to see "graininess," or spotted colours when one colour blends to another. 
However, at 16, 24, and 32-bit colour depths, the colour blending is smooth and, unless you have some kind of extra-sensory vision capability, you should not see any graininess. -Source

GREEKING

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The name is derived from the phrase ‘Greek to me’ .Greeking with respect to typography/design refers to the filler text which is used to bring out the real layout.

Greeking is used for two important reasons:

• When the real content is not available – layout creation and design can happen in parallel without waiting for the content.

• Real content might distract the viewer, while greeking/dummy text forces the users to concentrate on the design.

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An example of my work with greeking.

 I used the fill place holder with text option on InDesign.

LIGATURES

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A ligature is a set of two or more characters that have been designed into a harmonious "set". Originally, they were designed to control letter spacing in situations where two or more letters take up too much space and have an uncomfortable feeling to the viewer. -Source

MEASURES

Measurement is an integral part of layout and design, from the spatial dimensions of the page,

to how the different text and picture elements are spaced. An understanding of various measurement concepts helps underpin and deepen knowledge

about layout design.

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RULERS

Ruler guides are different from grids in that they can be positioned freely on a page or on a pasteboard. You can create two kinds of ruler guides: page guides, which appear only on the page on which you create them, or spread guides, which span all pages and the pasteboard of a multiple-page spread. You can drag any ruler guide to the pasteboard. A ruler guide is displayed or hidden with the layer on which it was created.

Guides in the document window

                    A.

 

Spread guide

B.

 

Page guide

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BOXES

Boxes are primarily used to display content in Indesign. The boxes can hold either text or images and are usually put into a design as an outline of where content can be presented.

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Boxes can come in different shapes depending on a designers preferance. To use then in Indesign you can either drag and drop then or edit them by using the 'text box' option.

GOLDEN SECTION


The golden ratio has been used by many painters in the composition of their works as a means for locating key subject matter on focal points and of spacing the different elements of the composition.The golden ratio can be applied to any spatial relationship in the graphic arts, including design,such as object spacing, text and picture box location,pattern form and so on.

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DPS

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Two facing pages of newspaper or magazine where the textual material on the left hand side continues across to the right hand side. Abbreviated to DPS.

DROP CAPS

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With a drop cap, the initial sits within the margins and runs several lines deep into the paragraph, indenting some normal-sized text in these lines. This keeps the left and top margins of the paragraph flush.

SUB HEADINGS         

                   

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A subheading is a smaller version of a heading and it placed above a sub section of writing. It is also used as focal point in an article or layout and it's point size lies in between a heading and body copy size.

PARAGRAPHS               

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A paragraph is a self-contained unit of a discourse in writing dealing with a particular point or idea. A paragraph consists of one or more sentences.

FOLIO NUMBERS

In the discussion of manuscripts, a folio means a leaf with two pages, the recto being the first the reader encounters, and the verso the second. In Western books, read turning the pages over from right to left, when the book is begun with the open page edges at the reader's right, the first page to be seen is "folio 1 recto", typically abbreviated to "f1 r.". When this page is turned over "f1 v." is on the left and "f2 r." on the right of the "opening", or two pages that are visible. 

For books in Arabic, Hebrew, Chinese and other languages, where the book is begun from the back in Western terms, with the open page edges at the reader's left, the numbering also follows the sequence in which the reader encounters. - Source

GUTTERS

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The inside margins or blank space between two facing pages is the gutter. The gutter space is that extra space allowance used to accommodate the binding in books and magazines. The amount of gutter needed varies depending on the binding method.

In saddled-stitched publications the amount of gutter, as well as the outside margins are adjusted to allow for creep. Gutter is sometimes used to refer to the alley or space between columns of text in a page layout. - Source

IMAGES

An image is either a photography - icon that supports the text or title in a layout design.

I looked at two images on of a mock up design and a finished design with an image to show how they work in a layout.

HEADLINES         

A heading at the top of an article or page in a newspaper or magazine, they are used as focal points to attract the reader.

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Headlines generically used a bold san serif font for optimum legibility and readability. They are also generally at a point size of 72 or above.

PAGINATION

Pagination is the process of dividing content into pages.

Printed books and magazines are created first as electronic files (for example, PDF or QXD files) and then printed. Pagination encompasses rules and algorithms for deciding where page breaks will fall, which depends on semantic or cultural senses. 

Before the rise of information technology (IT), pagination was a manual process, and print output was its sole purpose. Every instance of a pagination decision was made by a human. Today, most instances are made by machines, although humans often override particular decisions. As years go by, software developers continually refine the programs to increase the quality of the machine-made decisions so that the need for manual overrides becomes ever rarer. -Source

CAPTIONS

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Captions are small explanations under and image to tell the reader what it is about. Captions are generally set a small point size and sometimes can be layered on top of the image depending on the layout.

IMPOSITIONS

In the example above, a 16-page book is prepared for printing. There are eight pages on the front of the sheet, and the corresponding eight pages on the back. After printing, the paper is folded in half vertically (page two falls against page three). Then it is folded again horizontally (page four meets page five). A third fold completes this process (page nine meets page eight). The example below shows the final result prior to binding and trimming.

Imposition is one of the fundamental steps in the prepress printing process. It consists in the arrangement of the printed product’s pages on the printer’s sheet, in order to obtain faster printing, simplify binding and reduce paper waste. - Source

10 THINGS RESEARCH - WHAT IS A BOOK?

For my publication I began reviewing online material to see how the content was visually laid out. I specifically focused on the content for my 10 things as a source of influence. 

 10. CONVEYING A MESSAGE

I started my research by looking into how different tones of voice can be portrayed.

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The two examples of a phrase give off a different tone of voice due to the design. The first one has a serious feel to it due to the black and white colours. In comparison the other design it very playful and light hearted due to the multiple typefaces and colour.

9. BASIC COLOUR THEORY

I looked at poster designs and images of how basic colour theory was portrayed.

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This chart shows all the terminology in a simplistic and cohesive way. I would like to incorporate this style of design in my publication.

8. GRIDS, COLUMNS + MARGINS

The three terms are all relevant to one another, so I wanted to find designs that used these all together in a clear way.

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This design uses the words as if they were in either a column or a grid, I really liked this aspect of design cause it not only explains what it is but also illustrates it.

7. SEMEIOTICS

To begin my research I looked at the fundamentals of graphic design e-book.

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The layout and content of the book was very straight to point with simple illustrations, which makes it easy to understand.

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I then looked at another online book on Behance which explained semiotics through simplistic pictures and short explanations, this design would work well for my publication as I wanted to keep it informative but straight to the point.

6. TYPE VS. FONT

I revisited some old study task's I had done to see how I explained the difference.

A typeface is a particular design of type. Arial rounded is a typeface

A collection of characters, letters, numbers, symbols, punctuation, which have the same distinct design.

A font is a complete character set of a single style of particular typeface. -e.f arial rounded italic and bold.

I would like to keep it simple like I did in one of my post's but express the meanings by using different fonts from the same typeface.

5. LEGIBILITY AND READABILITY

SOURCE: I LOVE TYPOGRAPHY

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I sourced some images that manipulated type to convey the meaning of the words. I like how it's very simple but again illustrates the meaning.

4. RGB + CMYK

To begin my research I looked at different types of images of how they displayed the colour modes.

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I really liked the style of colour blocks or circles as these geometric patterns are generally associated with colour and colour theory.

3. PAGE SIZES

I also looked a different ways pages sizes were displayed and scaled.

I really liked the second image as it was something I was familiar with myself and felt it was clear and concise, due to it being vertical.

2. DIVINE PROPORTIONS / GOLDEN SECTION 

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The step by step examples that are accompanied by instructions is simplistic and easy to follow. 

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This is a stylistic way of portraying the golden rectangle which looks aesthetically pleasing and modern.

1. PERSONALITY

Graphic design isn't just about you as a designer but you as a person. Your background and life experiences are what makes you an individual. I took a quote from a lecture I attended and want to use this as the closing statement in my book.

"Design is not your job. Design is about people, your personality and the ability to make relationships work is a massive factor in your employability" - Craig Oldham

I then revisited some publication designs that Phil presented to us in a lecture.

No. Zine

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Neasden Control Center

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Newwork Magazine

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I then started to research magazines that followed a similar style of no.magazine. With designs that experimented with type and layout innovatively.

MAP magazine

The use of two colours against white stock really makes the letters stand out and offers significant focal points to the page which is something I would like to incorporate.

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Toko Nu

There is an innovative use of type spacing and shapes, although it isn't a traditional style of 

design it is still legibile.

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Spook Magazine

The layout uses a post-modern style by using different fonts, weights and columns. Although the design is not symmetric the design still works due to the use of negative space.

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Plastique Magazine - Web

The use of type and then image of juxtaposing pages allows the audience to focus of the double page spread as a whole. I also like the experimentation with woodblock print on the pages.

I really like how Plastique magazine uses a lot of negative space in their design and shapes. This will be something I will consider when mocking up my layout design.