OUGD401- Graphic Design - A medium for the masses

Graphic Design  
A medium for the masses.

Beneton Advert
http://www.lifeinitaly.com/fashion/benetton.asp

In the lecture we explore how graphic design is an interlinked part of design that branches out in to other genres and the history of it. Below are some notes I took from the session.

• Relation to advertising, tool of capitalism, political, post modernism
• A heritage of visual communication

Historic - political related graphics

• John Everett, bubbles / pear soap advert / words added to image does that make it graphic design?
• 1922, William Addison Dwiggins term of grapic design ""
• Herbert Spencer: mechanized art
• Max Bill & Joseph Muller-brock : visual communication
• Richard Hollis
• Pail rand: "the goal of the designer should be persuasive
• Early graphics is linked to advertisement
• Alphonse Mucha -  vogue style
• Rennie Mackintosh 1896
• Koloman Moser 1902
• Peter Behrens 1910 - abstract
• Alfred Leete
• James Montgomery
• Wassily Kandinsky 1886-1944 - abstract, geometric forms, Russian.
• El Lissitzky - beat the whites with red wedge
• F.H Stingemore / UK underground 1933, graphic representation, iconic
• Simon Patterson 1967, the great bear 1992
• Bauhaus logo - Oskar Schlemmer, 1922
• Piet Zwart, 1938, Dutch phone book
• Herbert Matter (Swiss) tourist board
• Swiss celebrate graphic design successful
• A.M. Cassandre
• Tom Puris 1937, UK, behind in technology compared to other countries and design
• Ludwig Hohlwein . Vierthaler
• Hitler liked graphic design to combine classism and realism
• Hitler disliked graphic design to be abstract and bohemian
• Hans Schleger
• Josep Renau, industry if war, 1936
• Stalingrad: the new star of freedom 1942
• Populist
• Propaganda is a tool, celebrate  what happens politically
• G. Klucis
• Abram Games- exhibition of science
• International being the forefront of graphic design
• Paul Rand 1946, USA
• Saul Buss- film poster, Hitchcock films
• Rise of pop culture and consumerism
• Big business, corporate
• Ken Garland - first things first manifesto
• Sense of moral purpose
• F.H.K Herion 'Stop nuclear suicide' 1960
• Seymout Chwast 'End bad breath' 1968
• A workers coalition 1970 'Q: and babies? A: and babies'

Music - print related graphics

• Hipgnosis- deceptive blends, sleeve cover, 1977
• Indulgent, progressive rock
• Jamie Reid, sex pistols, simple, diy aesthetic, 1977, new movement
•  Peter Saville, Manchester designer, FAC 001, the factory club night poster / New order - Blue Monday sleeve cover, 1983
• Factory records looked to produce quality music and design rather to reap wealth, became bankrupt. Lost 30p each time a New order album was brought due to the production
• Neville Brody 'race magazine' UK
• PIL, 1986, get away from embellishing the product, simplistic
• Peter Blake, band aid, 1984
• Chumbawa, 1986, starving children sell records
• Designers republic, Sheffield, 1994, graphic representation sleeve, play on imagery
• Julian house, 2000, digital media to create collage, reverse process.
• Mark Farrow, floating in space, 1997, drug related music, "1 tab 70 minuets" , packaging and purpose
• The coup , party music, 2001, 9/11 conspiracy
• Steven Heller, 1991
• Jonathan Barnbook, bastard typeface associated with the Nazi's, 1990 / Olympukes

Advertising related graphics

• Naomi Klein, truth in advertising, 2000
• Oliviero Toscani, Beneton adverts 1990-92
• Virtue, engagement, political
• Judy blame, keep Britain tidy, stop racism invading football
• Allbusters - reworking well established campaigns and posters - Nike / Obsession  what is the market? changing the view

Final thoughts

• Graphic design is a relatively young discipline
• Links between graphic design and different disciplines  fine art, advertisements  arguably becoming increasingly blurred
• Although born out of consumerist / capitalist interest graphic design is arguably becoming increasingly concerned with social issues
• Moral and social conscience